Developing novel tools to predict vaccine effectiveness for influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and pollio - While we can measure the immune response of individuals following vaccination, it is unclear which individuals will be protected from infection (correlates of protection). Typically, neutralizing antibody responses are considered a gold-standard for defining effective antibody responses. However, measuring neutralizing antibody titers requires work with live-viruses which requires dedicated biosafety facilities, and cannot be readily done on large populations. We are developing alternative methods for identifying correlates of protection using simple, cost-effective and safe immune assays.